nebula/handshake_manager.go

package nebula

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/binary"
	"errors"
	"log/slog"
	"net/netip"
	"slices"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics"
	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/cert"
	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/header"
	"github.com/slackhq/nebula/udp"
)

const (
	DefaultHandshakeTryInterval   = time.Millisecond * 100
	DefaultHandshakeRetries       = 10
	DefaultHandshakeTriggerBuffer = 64
	DefaultUseRelays              = true
)

var (
	defaultHandshakeConfig = HandshakeConfig{
		tryInterval:   DefaultHandshakeTryInterval,
		retries:       DefaultHandshakeRetries,
		triggerBuffer: DefaultHandshakeTriggerBuffer,
		useRelays:     DefaultUseRelays,
	}
)

type HandshakeConfig struct {
	tryInterval   time.Duration
	retries       int64
	triggerBuffer int
	useRelays     bool

	messageMetrics *MessageMetrics
}

type HandshakeManager struct {
	// Mutex for interacting with the vpnIps and indexes maps
	sync.RWMutex

	vpnIps  map[netip.Addr]*HandshakeHostInfo
	indexes map[uint32]*HandshakeHostInfo

	mainHostMap            *HostMap
	lightHouse             *LightHouse
	outside                udp.Conn
	config                 HandshakeConfig
	OutboundHandshakeTimer *LockingTimerWheel[netip.Addr]
	messageMetrics         *MessageMetrics
	metricInitiated        metrics.Counter
	metricTimedOut         metrics.Counter
	f                      *Interface
	l                      *slog.Logger

	// can be used to trigger outbound handshake for the given vpnIp
	trigger chan netip.Addr
}

type HandshakeHostInfo struct {
	sync.Mutex

	startTime                 time.Time        // Time that we first started trying with this handshake
	ready                     bool             // Is the handshake ready
	initiatingVersionOverride cert.Version     // Should we use a non-default cert version for this handshake?
	counter                   int64            // How many attempts have we made so far
	lastRemotes               []netip.AddrPort // Remotes that we sent to during the previous attempt
	packetStore               []*cachedPacket  // A set of packets to be transmitted once the handshake completes

	hostinfo *HostInfo
}

func (hh *HandshakeHostInfo) cachePacket(l *slog.Logger, t header.MessageType, st header.MessageSubType, packet []byte, f packetCallback, m *cachedPacketMetrics) {
	if len(hh.packetStore) < 100 {
		tempPacket := make([]byte, len(packet))
		copy(tempPacket, packet)

		hh.packetStore = append(hh.packetStore, &cachedPacket{t, st, f, tempPacket})
		if l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
			hh.hostinfo.logger(l).Debug("Packet store",
				"length", len(hh.packetStore),
				"stored", true,
			)
		}

	} else {
		m.dropped.Inc(1)

		if l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
			hh.hostinfo.logger(l).Debug("Packet store",
				"length", len(hh.packetStore),
				"stored", false,
			)
		}
	}
}

func NewHandshakeManager(l *slog.Logger, mainHostMap *HostMap, lightHouse *LightHouse, outside udp.Conn, config HandshakeConfig) *HandshakeManager {
	return &HandshakeManager{
		vpnIps:                 map[netip.Addr]*HandshakeHostInfo{},
		indexes:                map[uint32]*HandshakeHostInfo{},
		mainHostMap:            mainHostMap,
		lightHouse:             lightHouse,
		outside:                outside,
		config:                 config,
		trigger:                make(chan netip.Addr, config.triggerBuffer),
		OutboundHandshakeTimer: NewLockingTimerWheel[netip.Addr](config.tryInterval, hsTimeout(config.retries, config.tryInterval)),
		messageMetrics:         config.messageMetrics,
		metricInitiated:        metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("handshake_manager.initiated", nil),
		metricTimedOut:         metrics.GetOrRegisterCounter("handshake_manager.timed_out", nil),
		l:                      l,
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) Run(ctx context.Context) {
	clockSource := time.NewTicker(hm.config.tryInterval)
	defer clockSource.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		case vpnIP := <-hm.trigger:
			hm.handleOutbound(vpnIP, true)
		case now := <-clockSource.C:
			hm.NextOutboundHandshakeTimerTick(now)
		}
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) HandleIncoming(via ViaSender, packet []byte, h *header.H) {
	// First remote allow list check before we know the vpnIp
	if !via.IsRelayed {
		if !hm.lightHouse.GetRemoteAllowList().AllowUnknownVpnAddr(via.UdpAddr.Addr()) {
			hm.l.Debug("lighthouse.remote_allow_list denied incoming handshake", "from", via)
			return
		}
	}

	switch h.Subtype {
	case header.HandshakeIXPSK0:
		switch h.MessageCounter {
		case 1:
			ixHandshakeStage1(hm.f, via, packet, h)

		case 2:
			newHostinfo := hm.queryIndex(h.RemoteIndex)
			tearDown := ixHandshakeStage2(hm.f, via, newHostinfo, packet, h)
			if tearDown && newHostinfo != nil {
				hm.DeleteHostInfo(newHostinfo.hostinfo)
			}
		}
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) NextOutboundHandshakeTimerTick(now time.Time) {
	hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Advance(now)
	for {
		vpnIp, has := hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Purge()
		if !has {
			break
		}
		hm.handleOutbound(vpnIp, false)
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) handleOutbound(vpnIp netip.Addr, lighthouseTriggered bool) {
	hh := hm.queryVpnIp(vpnIp)
	if hh == nil {
		return
	}
	hh.Lock()
	defer hh.Unlock()

	hostinfo := hh.hostinfo
	// If we are out of time, clean up
	if hh.counter >= hm.config.retries {
		hh.hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Handshake timed out",
			"udpAddrs", hh.hostinfo.remotes.CopyAddrs(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges()),
			"initiatorIndex", hh.hostinfo.localIndexId,
			"remoteIndex", hh.hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
			"durationNs", time.Since(hh.startTime).Nanoseconds(),
		)
		hm.metricTimedOut.Inc(1)
		hm.DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
		return
	}

	// Increment the counter to increase our delay, linear backoff
	hh.counter++

	// Check if we have a handshake packet to transmit yet
	if !hh.ready {
		if !ixHandshakeStage0(hm.f, hh) {
			hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Add(vpnIp, hm.config.tryInterval*time.Duration(hh.counter))
			return
		}
	}

	// Get a remotes object if we don't already have one.
	// This is mainly to protect us as this should never be the case
	// NB ^ This comment doesn't jive. It's how the thing gets initialized.
	// It's the common path. Should it update every time, in case a future LH query/queries give us more info?
	if hostinfo.remotes == nil {
		hostinfo.remotes = hm.lightHouse.QueryCache([]netip.Addr{vpnIp})
	}

	remotes := hostinfo.remotes.CopyAddrs(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges())
	remotesHaveChanged := !slices.Equal(remotes, hh.lastRemotes)

	// We only care about a lighthouse trigger if we have new remotes to send to.
	// This is a very specific optimization for a fast lighthouse reply.
	if lighthouseTriggered && !remotesHaveChanged {
		// If we didn't return here a lighthouse could cause us to aggressively send handshakes
		return
	}

	hh.lastRemotes = remotes

	// This will generate a load of queries for hosts with only 1 ip
	// (such as ones registered to the lighthouse with only a private IP)
	// So we only do it one time after attempting 5 handshakes already.
	if len(remotes) <= 1 && hh.counter == 5 {
		// If we only have 1 remote it is highly likely our query raced with the other host registered within the lighthouse
		// Our vpnIp here has a tunnel with a lighthouse but has yet to send a host update packet there so we only know about
		// the learned public ip for them. Query again to short circuit the promotion counter
		hm.lightHouse.QueryServer(vpnIp)
	}

	// Send the handshake to all known ips, stage 2 takes care of assigning the hostinfo.remote based on the first to reply
	var sentTo []netip.AddrPort
	hostinfo.remotes.ForEach(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges(), func(addr netip.AddrPort, _ bool) {
		hm.messageMetrics.Tx(header.Handshake, header.MessageSubType(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0][1]), 1)
		err := hm.outside.WriteTo(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0], addr)
		if err != nil {
			hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to send handshake message",
				"udpAddr", addr,
				"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
				"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
				"error", err,
			)

		} else {
			sentTo = append(sentTo, addr)
		}
	})

	// Don't be too noisy or confusing if we fail to send a handshake - if we don't get through we'll eventually log a timeout,
	// so only log when the list of remotes has changed
	if remotesHaveChanged {
		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Handshake message sent",
			"udpAddrs", sentTo,
			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
		)
	} else if hm.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Debug("Handshake message sent",
			"udpAddrs", sentTo,
			"initiatorIndex", hostinfo.localIndexId,
			"handshake", m{"stage": 1, "style": "ix_psk0"},
		)
	}

	if hm.config.useRelays && len(hostinfo.remotes.relays) > 0 {
		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Attempt to relay through hosts", "relays", hostinfo.remotes.relays)
		// Send a RelayRequest to all known Relay IP's
		for _, relay := range hostinfo.remotes.relays {
			// Don't relay through the host I'm trying to connect to
			if relay == vpnIp {
				continue
			}

			// Don't relay to myself
			if hm.f.myVpnAddrsTable.Contains(relay) {
				continue
			}

			relayHostInfo := hm.mainHostMap.QueryVpnAddr(relay)
			if relayHostInfo == nil || !relayHostInfo.remote.IsValid() {
				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Establish tunnel to relay target", "relay", relay.String())
				hm.f.Handshake(relay)
				continue
			}
			// Check the relay HostInfo to see if we already established a relay through
			existingRelay, ok := relayHostInfo.relayState.QueryRelayForByIp(vpnIp)
			if !ok {
				// No relays exist or requested yet.
				if relayHostInfo.remote.IsValid() {
					idx, err := AddRelay(hm.l, relayHostInfo, hm.mainHostMap, vpnIp, nil, TerminalType, Requested)
					if err != nil {
						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Failed to add relay to hostmap", "relay", relay.String(), "error", err)
					}

					m := NebulaControl{
						Type:                NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest,
						InitiatorRelayIndex: idx,
					}

					switch relayHostInfo.GetCert().Certificate.Version() {
					case cert.Version1:
						if !hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].Is4() {
							hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
							continue
						}

						if !vpnIp.Is4() {
							hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 remote network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
							continue
						}

						b := hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].As4()
						m.OldRelayFromAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
						b = vpnIp.As4()
						m.OldRelayToAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
					case cert.Version2:
						m.RelayFromAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0])
						m.RelayToAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(vpnIp)
					default:
						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Unknown certificate version found while creating relay")
						continue
					}

					msg, err := m.Marshal()
					if err != nil {
						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to marshal Control message to create relay", "error", err)
					} else {
						hm.f.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.Control, 0, relayHostInfo, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
						hm.l.Info("send CreateRelayRequest",
							"relayFrom", hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0],
							"relayTo", vpnIp,
							"initiatorRelayIndex", idx,
							"relay", relay,
						)
					}
				}
				continue
			}

			switch existingRelay.State {
			case Established:
				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Send handshake via relay", "relay", relay.String())
				hm.f.SendVia(relayHostInfo, existingRelay, hostinfo.HandshakePacket[0], make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu), false)
			case Disestablished:
				// Mark this relay as 'requested'
				relayHostInfo.relayState.UpdateRelayForByIpState(vpnIp, Requested)
				fallthrough
			case Requested:
				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Re-send CreateRelay request", "relay", relay.String())
				// Re-send the CreateRelay request, in case the previous one was lost.
				m := NebulaControl{
					Type:                NebulaControl_CreateRelayRequest,
					InitiatorRelayIndex: existingRelay.LocalIndex,
				}

				switch relayHostInfo.GetCert().Certificate.Version() {
				case cert.Version1:
					if !hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].Is4() {
						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
						continue
					}

					if !vpnIp.Is4() {
						hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("can not establish v1 relay with a v6 remote network because the relay is not running a current nebula version")
						continue
					}

					b := hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0].As4()
					m.OldRelayFromAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
					b = vpnIp.As4()
					m.OldRelayToAddr = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
				case cert.Version2:
					m.RelayFromAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0])
					m.RelayToAddr = netAddrToProtoAddr(vpnIp)
				default:
					hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Unknown certificate version found while creating relay")
					continue
				}
				msg, err := m.Marshal()
				if err != nil {
					hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Failed to marshal Control message to create relay", "error", err)
				} else {
					// This must send over the hostinfo, not over hm.Hosts[ip]
					hm.f.SendMessageToHostInfo(header.Control, 0, relayHostInfo, msg, make([]byte, 12), make([]byte, mtu))
					hm.l.Info("send CreateRelayRequest",
						"relayFrom", hm.f.myVpnAddrs[0],
						"relayTo", vpnIp,
						"initiatorRelayIndex", existingRelay.LocalIndex,
						"relay", relay,
					)
				}
			case PeerRequested:
				// PeerRequested only occurs in Forwarding relays, not Terminal relays, and this is a Terminal relay case.
				fallthrough
			default:
				hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Error("Relay unexpected state",
					"vpnIp", vpnIp,
					"state", existingRelay.State,
					"relay", relay,
				)

			}
		}
	}

	// If a lighthouse triggered this attempt then we are still in the timer wheel and do not need to re-add
	if !lighthouseTriggered {
		hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Add(vpnIp, hm.config.tryInterval*time.Duration(hh.counter))
	}
}

// GetOrHandshake will try to find a hostinfo with a fully formed tunnel or start a new handshake if one is not present
// The 2nd argument will be true if the hostinfo is ready to transmit traffic
func (hm *HandshakeManager) GetOrHandshake(vpnIp netip.Addr, cacheCb func(*HandshakeHostInfo)) (*HostInfo, bool) {
	hm.mainHostMap.RLock()
	h, ok := hm.mainHostMap.Hosts[vpnIp]
	hm.mainHostMap.RUnlock()

	if ok {
		// Do not attempt promotion if you are a lighthouse
		if !hm.lightHouse.amLighthouse {
			h.TryPromoteBest(hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges(), hm.f)
		}
		return h, true
	}

	return hm.StartHandshake(vpnIp, cacheCb), false
}

// StartHandshake will ensure a handshake is currently being attempted for the provided vpn ip
func (hm *HandshakeManager) StartHandshake(vpnAddr netip.Addr, cacheCb func(*HandshakeHostInfo)) *HostInfo {
	hm.Lock()

	if hh, ok := hm.vpnIps[vpnAddr]; ok {
		// We are already trying to handshake with this vpn ip
		if cacheCb != nil {
			cacheCb(hh)
		}
		hm.Unlock()
		return hh.hostinfo
	}

	hostinfo := &HostInfo{
		vpnAddrs:        []netip.Addr{vpnAddr},
		HandshakePacket: make(map[uint8][]byte, 0),
		relayState: RelayState{
			relays:         nil,
			relayForByAddr: map[netip.Addr]*Relay{},
			relayForByIdx:  map[uint32]*Relay{},
		},
	}

	hh := &HandshakeHostInfo{
		hostinfo:  hostinfo,
		startTime: time.Now(),
	}
	hm.vpnIps[vpnAddr] = hh
	hm.metricInitiated.Inc(1)
	hm.OutboundHandshakeTimer.Add(vpnAddr, hm.config.tryInterval)

	if cacheCb != nil {
		cacheCb(hh)
	}

	// If this is a static host, we don't need to wait for the HostQueryReply
	// We can trigger the handshake right now
	_, doTrigger := hm.lightHouse.GetStaticHostList()[vpnAddr]
	if !doTrigger {
		// Add any calculated remotes, and trigger early handshake if one found
		doTrigger = hm.lightHouse.addCalculatedRemotes(vpnAddr)
	}

	if doTrigger {
		select {
		case hm.trigger <- vpnAddr:
		default:
		}
	}

	hm.Unlock()
	hm.lightHouse.QueryServer(vpnAddr)
	return hostinfo
}

var (
	ErrExistingHostInfo    = errors.New("existing hostinfo")
	ErrAlreadySeen         = errors.New("already seen")
	ErrLocalIndexCollision = errors.New("local index collision")
)

// CheckAndComplete checks for any conflicts in the main and pending hostmap
// before adding hostinfo to main. If err is nil, it was added. Otherwise err will be:
//
// ErrAlreadySeen if we already have an entry in the hostmap that has seen the
// exact same handshake packet
//
// ErrExistingHostInfo if we already have an entry in the hostmap for this
// VpnIp and the new handshake was older than the one we currently have
//
// ErrLocalIndexCollision if we already have an entry in the main or pending
// hostmap for the hostinfo.localIndexId.
func (hm *HandshakeManager) CheckAndComplete(hostinfo *HostInfo, handshakePacket uint8, f *Interface) (*HostInfo, error) {
	hm.mainHostMap.Lock()
	defer hm.mainHostMap.Unlock()
	hm.Lock()
	defer hm.Unlock()

	// Check if we already have a tunnel with this vpn ip
	existingHostInfo, found := hm.mainHostMap.Hosts[hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0]]
	if found && existingHostInfo != nil {
		testHostInfo := existingHostInfo
		for testHostInfo != nil {
			// Is it just a delayed handshake packet?
			if bytes.Equal(hostinfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacket], testHostInfo.HandshakePacket[handshakePacket]) {
				return testHostInfo, ErrAlreadySeen
			}

			testHostInfo = testHostInfo.next
		}

		// Is this a newer handshake?
		if existingHostInfo.lastHandshakeTime >= hostinfo.lastHandshakeTime && !existingHostInfo.ConnectionState.initiator {
			return existingHostInfo, ErrExistingHostInfo
		}

		existingHostInfo.logger(hm.l).Info("Taking new handshake")
	}

	existingIndex, found := hm.mainHostMap.Indexes[hostinfo.localIndexId]
	if found {
		// We have a collision, but for a different hostinfo
		return existingIndex, ErrLocalIndexCollision
	}

	existingPendingIndex, found := hm.indexes[hostinfo.localIndexId]
	if found && existingPendingIndex.hostinfo != hostinfo {
		// We have a collision, but for a different hostinfo
		return existingPendingIndex.hostinfo, ErrLocalIndexCollision
	}

	existingRemoteIndex, found := hm.mainHostMap.RemoteIndexes[hostinfo.remoteIndexId]
	if found && existingRemoteIndex != nil && existingRemoteIndex.vpnAddrs[0] != hostinfo.vpnAddrs[0] {
		// We have a collision, but this can happen since we can't control
		// the remote ID. Just log about the situation as a note.
		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("New host shadows existing host remoteIndex",
			"remoteIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
			"collision", existingRemoteIndex.vpnAddrs,
		)
	}

	hm.mainHostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, f)
	return existingHostInfo, nil
}

// Complete is a simpler version of CheckAndComplete when we already know we
// won't have a localIndexId collision because we already have an entry in the
// pendingHostMap. An existing hostinfo is returned if there was one.
func (hm *HandshakeManager) Complete(hostinfo *HostInfo, f *Interface) {
	hm.mainHostMap.Lock()
	defer hm.mainHostMap.Unlock()
	hm.Lock()
	defer hm.Unlock()

	existingRemoteIndex, found := hm.mainHostMap.RemoteIndexes[hostinfo.remoteIndexId]
	if found && existingRemoteIndex != nil {
		// We have a collision, but this can happen since we can't control
		// the remote ID. Just log about the situation as a note.
		hostinfo.logger(hm.l).Info("New host shadows existing host remoteIndex",
			"remoteIndex", hostinfo.remoteIndexId,
			"collision", existingRemoteIndex.vpnAddrs,
		)
	}

	// We need to remove from the pending hostmap first to avoid undoing work when after to the main hostmap.
	hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
	hm.mainHostMap.unlockedAddHostInfo(hostinfo, f)
}

// allocateIndex generates a unique localIndexId for this HostInfo
// and adds it to the pendingHostMap. Will error if we are unable to generate
// a unique localIndexId
func (hm *HandshakeManager) allocateIndex(hh *HandshakeHostInfo) error {
	hm.mainHostMap.RLock()
	defer hm.mainHostMap.RUnlock()
	hm.Lock()
	defer hm.Unlock()

	for range 32 {
		index, err := generateIndex(hm.l)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		_, inPending := hm.indexes[index]
		_, inMain := hm.mainHostMap.Indexes[index]

		if !inMain && !inPending {
			hh.hostinfo.localIndexId = index
			hm.indexes[index] = hh
			return nil
		}
	}

	return errors.New("failed to generate unique localIndexId")
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) DeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
	hm.Lock()
	defer hm.Unlock()
	hm.unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo)
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) unlockedDeleteHostInfo(hostinfo *HostInfo) {
	for _, addr := range hostinfo.vpnAddrs {
		delete(hm.vpnIps, addr)
	}

	if len(hm.vpnIps) == 0 {
		hm.vpnIps = map[netip.Addr]*HandshakeHostInfo{}
	}

	delete(hm.indexes, hostinfo.localIndexId)
	if len(hm.indexes) == 0 {
		hm.indexes = map[uint32]*HandshakeHostInfo{}
	}

	if hm.l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
		hm.l.Debug("Pending hostmap hostInfo deleted",
			"hostMap", m{"mapTotalSize": len(hm.vpnIps),
				"vpnAddrs": hostinfo.vpnAddrs, "indexNumber": hostinfo.localIndexId, "remoteIndexNumber": hostinfo.remoteIndexId},
		)
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) QueryVpnAddr(vpnIp netip.Addr) *HostInfo {
	hh := hm.queryVpnIp(vpnIp)
	if hh != nil {
		return hh.hostinfo
	}
	return nil

}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) queryVpnIp(vpnIp netip.Addr) *HandshakeHostInfo {
	hm.RLock()
	defer hm.RUnlock()
	return hm.vpnIps[vpnIp]
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) QueryIndex(index uint32) *HostInfo {
	hh := hm.queryIndex(index)
	if hh != nil {
		return hh.hostinfo
	}
	return nil
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) queryIndex(index uint32) *HandshakeHostInfo {
	hm.RLock()
	defer hm.RUnlock()
	return hm.indexes[index]
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) GetPreferredRanges() []netip.Prefix {
	return hm.mainHostMap.GetPreferredRanges()
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) ForEachVpnAddr(f controlEach) {
	hm.RLock()
	defer hm.RUnlock()

	for _, v := range hm.vpnIps {
		f(v.hostinfo)
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) ForEachIndex(f controlEach) {
	hm.RLock()
	defer hm.RUnlock()

	for _, v := range hm.indexes {
		f(v.hostinfo)
	}
}

func (hm *HandshakeManager) EmitStats() {
	hm.RLock()
	hostLen := len(hm.vpnIps)
	indexLen := len(hm.indexes)
	hm.RUnlock()

	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("hostmap.pending.hosts", nil).Update(int64(hostLen))
	metrics.GetOrRegisterGauge("hostmap.pending.indexes", nil).Update(int64(indexLen))
	hm.mainHostMap.EmitStats()
}

// Utility functions below

func generateIndex(l *slog.Logger) (uint32, error) {
	b := make([]byte, 4)

	// Let zero mean we don't know the ID, so don't generate zero
	var index uint32
	for index == 0 {
		_, err := rand.Read(b)
		if err != nil {
			l.Error("Failed to generate index", "error", err)
			return 0, err
		}

		index = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b)
	}

	if l.Enabled(context.Background(), slog.LevelDebug) {
		l.Debug("Generated index", "index", index)
	}
	return index, nil
}

func hsTimeout(tries int64, interval time.Duration) time.Duration {
	return time.Duration(tries / 2 * ((2 * int64(interval)) + (tries-1)*int64(interval)))
}